Glossary
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Actual Demand
Demand based on customer orders rather than budgeted projections.
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Actual Time of Arrival
The actual time of arrival (ATA) is the precise time a shipment arrives (at the destination location). This is often different than the estimated time of arrival (ETA).
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Actual to Theoretical Cycle Time
Ratio of the actual time required to produce a given output divided by the sum of the expected time required to produce a given output.
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Ad Valorem Duty
Ad Valerem (Latin for "according to value") Duty is a type of tax applied based on a percentage of the value of an item (e.g., for cross-border shipments).
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Administrative Monetary Penalty System (AMPS)
Used by the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) to issue monetary penalties to commercial clients for violating CBSA's trade and border legislation.
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Advance Material Request
To order materials prior to the release of the formal product design. Sometimes required due to long lead times.
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Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS)
A comprehensive analysis, using software, that includes demand, production, and logisitical factors to determine what plan to implement.
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Advanced Shipment Notice (ASN)
Detailed shipment information, usually transmitted electronically via EDI, transmitted by a supplier after a shipment is made and prior to delivery.
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Aerodynamic Drag
The resistance force of air to a moving body. Sometimes called wind resistance.
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After-Sale Service
Service that is performed after a product or service is sold and delivered. May include maintenance and technical support.
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Agency Tariff
A document published by a rate bureau containing the rates charged by its members.
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Agent
A person or business authorized to transact business for and in the name of another person or company.
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Agglomeration
In business, co-locating with other companies in an area or in facilities to gain an advantage.
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Aggregate Forecast
A sales estimate, in dollars or units, for a specific time period for a product or group of products. The forecast is used for sales and production planning.
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Aggregate Planning
A method for analyzing, developing and maintaining an operational plan to meet the aggregate forecast. Often focused on the next 3 to 18 months.
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Aggregate Tender Rate
A reduced rate offered to a shipper who tenders two or more class-related shipments at one time and one place.
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Agility
Being able to quickly and smoothly change the production and distribution of products (or services), including short lead times and varying volumes.
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Air Cargo
Freight moved by air transportation.
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Air Cargo Agent
A person who solicits and processes air cargo shipments.
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Alert
See Action Message.
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Algorithm
A specific list of instructions, often involving mathematical computations and computer software, used to help solve problems or complete tasks.
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All Water
Transportation is only by water.
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Allocation
In financial management, the assignment or distribution of costs among categories. In inventory management, the demand created by sales or work orders.
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American Bus Association (ABA)
Industry group that represents motorcoach operators, tour operators, tourism-related organizations, and other bus related organizations. https://www.buses.org/
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American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
A private, non-profit organization, that works with stakeholders to coordinate U.S. voluntary standards in a number of areas including EDI. https://ansi.org/
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