Glossary
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Offer
See Tender.
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Offline
Refers to a device not connected to a network or work performed outside of the computer network system. Also, a device that is off or is not working properly.
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Offshore
Using an outsourcing provider located in another country to manufacture products or perform services. Usually done as a tactic to lower costs.
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On-Demand
Refers to work performed to meet actual demand; products which are manufactured or assembled only when a customer order is placed.
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On-Line Receiving
A process where operators at the receiving bays enter items into the computer system as they are unloaded.
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One-Piece Flow
A process where each workstation produces one piece of product at a time, rather than producing in batches.
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One-Way Networks
Designed to provide transportation or interaction in one direction. Examples include a B2C website or a delivery route that has no planned return channel.
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Online
Refers to a device connected to a network or work performed inside of the computer network system. Also, a connected device that is on and working properly.
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Open Policy
See Marine Cargo Insurance - Open Policy.
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Operating Differential Subsidy (ODS)
A program, no longer active, that paid subsidies to American-flag carriers to offset the difference in operating costs between U.S. and foreign vessels.
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Operating Ratio
A key logistics metric for operations efficiency; operating expenses divided by the operating revenues x 100.
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Operational Efficiencies
Metrics that measure the efficiency of profit earned as a function of operating costs. Greater operational efficiencies result in more profits per investment.
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Operational Performance Measurements
Metrics that measure results such as labor and machine output, quality defects, unit costs, customer satisfaction, etc. Companies vary widely on metrics used.
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Optimization
Making something, such as a process or system, as good or as effective as possible considering the resources available and constraints involved.
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Order
A request for goods or services. Typically a formal document (often electronic) that tracks and manages the procurement and delivery of goods or services.
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Order Cycle
The processes involved from order receipt through to delivery. Includes receiving, processing, shipping, and delivering the order.
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Order Cycle Time
The time frame from when a customer places an order through to when the customer receives the shipment. Reducing this improves customer satisfaction.
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Order Entry and Scheduling
The process of receiving orders, checking customer information, product availability, payment methods, inputting data, and assigning delivery dates.
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Order Fill
A metric of the number of orders processed without stockouts, or the need to back order, and expressed as a percentage of all the orders processed.
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Order Management
Organizing, directing, and controlling all processes related to the fulfillment of customer orders, manufacturing orders, and purchase orders.
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Order Management Costs
Financial costs related to order management. Includes personnel and systems to process, distribute, ship and bill orders to customers.
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Order Picking
A fulfillment process where products listed in an order are retrieved (a.k.a. picked) from their respective storage locations.
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Order Processing
See Order Cycle. Order Processing is often focused on the warehouse area portion of picking, packaging and delivering the goods to a carrier.
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Ordering Cost
The expenses associated with placing an inventory order with a supplier. Includes personnel, administrative, and system costs.
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Origin
The location where a shipment begins its movement.
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