Glossary

The direct shipment of goods from a manufacturer to a retailer or consumer, bypassing the wholesaler or done at the wholesaler's instruction to save time/money.

Uses the theory of constraints scheduling process to focus on increasing flow and throughput by identifying and leveraging the system constraints.

When a motor carrier has both common and contract carrier operating authority. Carrier can provide service to the general public and private contracted service.

International water carrier pricing system where a shipper signing an exclusive use agreement with the conference pays a 10 to 15 percent lower rate than others.

Selling product below cost in a foreign market and/or selling product at a lower price in the foreign market than in a domestic market to drive out competition.

Packing material used around cargo to prevent damage or material (such as lumber) used to secure the cargo to prevent movement during transport.

A tax imposed by a government on goods imported from another country. The amount depends on the value of the goods, origin country, and type of goods.

Refund of duty paid on imported merchandise when it is later exported (whether in the same or a different form). Can be complex, but yields significant savings.

Area where cargo or goods can be stored without paying import customs duties while awaiting manufacturing or future transport.

Constantly drives process improvement by focusing on the weakest areas for immediate results, focusing on maximum efficiency and schedule adherence.

Business conducted online - electronically - via the Internet. Most common types are B2B (Business-to-Business) and B2C (Business-to-Consumer).

Electronic mail. A method of sending and receiving messages to/from another email address electronically over a computer network or via digital devices.

See Enterprise Application Integration (EAI).

The European Article Number-Uniform Code Council (EAN-UCC). The original name of the barcode standards body currently known as GS1.

See Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT).

See E-Commerce.

See Engineering Change Order (ECO).

See Efficient Consumer Response (ECR).

Acronym for Electronic Data Interchange. An avenue for intercompany communication of business information and documents in a standard format.

See EDI.

The requirements for the format and composition of EDI transmissions. For U.S. standards, see American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

One or more EDI transactions that are sent to the same location in the same message stream, and are identified by a functional group header and trailer.

See Electronic Data Interchange Association (EDIA).

Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce and Transport. An international standard developed by the United Nations.

See Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT).